The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their groundbreaking discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in electric circuits.
Their experiments showed that quantum tunnelling, once thought to occur only at microscopic levels, can be observed in systems involving many particles — a macroscopic scale phenomenon that changes how scientists understand quantum behavior.
The discovery lays the foundation for the next generation of quantum technologies—including quantum cryptography, computers, and sensors. It shows how old quantum theories continue to unlock revolutionary innovations.
John Clarke (UK/USA) – Pioneer in quantum measurement.
Michel H. Devoret (France) – Expert in superconducting quantum circuits.
John M. Martinis (USA) – Leader in building practical quantum computers.
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The Nobel Prize, created by Alfred Nobel, honors those who confer the greatest benefit to humankind. This year’s laureates will share 11 million Swedish kronor (₹1.03 crore) and receive their medals in December 2025.
As Olle Eriksson, Chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, stated — “Quantum mechanics, even a century later, continues to surprise and benefit humanity.” The 2025 Nobel Prize reminds us that innovation never stops.